The Thirteenth Tribe

THE KHAZAR EMPIRE AND ITS HERITAGE
Arthur Koestler

Selected Bibliography

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• Annals of Admont, Klebel, E., d'Éme neu aufgefundene Salzburger Geschichtsquelle", Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde, 1921.
  

• Arne, T. J., "La Su de et l'Orient", Archives d'Études Orientales, 8º. v.8, Upsala, 1914.
  

• Artamonov, M. I., Studies in Ancient Khazar History (in Russian) (Leningrad, 1936).
  

• Artamonov, M. I., Khazar History (in Russian) (Leningrad, 1962).
  

• Bader, O. H., Studies of the Kama Archaeological Expedition (in Russian, Kharkhov, 1953)
  

• Al-Bakri, Book of Kingdoms and Roads, French tr. by Dfremry, J. Asiatique, 1849.
  

• Ballas, J. A., Beitrge zur Kenntnis der Trierischen Volkssprache (1903).
  

• Bar Hebracus, Chronography (Oxford, 1932).
  

• Barker, F., "Crusades" in Enc. Britannica, 1973 printing.
  

• Baron, S. W., A Social and Relgious History of the Jews, Vols. III and IV (New York 1957)
  

• Bartha, A., A IX-X Századi Magyar Társadalom (Hungarian Society in the 9th-10th Centuries) (Budapest, 1968).
  

• Barthold, V., see Gardezi and Hudud al Alam.
  

• Beddoe, J., "On the Physical Characters of the Jews", Trans. Ethn. Soc., Vol.1 pp. 222-37, London, 1861.
  

• Ben Barzillay, Jehudah, Sefer ha-Ittim ("Book of the Festivals") (circa 1100).
  

• Ben-Daud, Ibrahim, Sefer ha-Kabbalah, in Mediaeval Jewish Chronicles, ed. Neubauer, I, 79
  

• Benjamin of Tudela, The Itinerary of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela, Asher, A., tr. and ed., 2 vols. (London and Berlin, 1841).
  

• Blake, R. P., and Frye, R. N., "Notes on the Risala of Ibn Fadlan" in Byzantina Metabyzantina, Vol. I, Part 11, 1949.

• Brutzkus, J., "Chasaren" in Jewish Enc. (New York, 1901-6).
  

• Bury, J. B., A History of the Eastern Roman Empire (London, 1912).
  

• Bury, J. B., Byzantinische Zeitschrift XIV, pp.511-70.
  

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• Cassel, Paulus (Selig), Der Chasarische Knigsbrief aus dem 10. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 1876)
  

• Cedrenus, Georgius, ed. Bekker (Bonn, 1839). Chwolson, D. A., Eighteen Hebrew Grave Inscriptions from the

• Crimea (in German: St Petersburg, 1865) (in Russian: Moscow, 1869).
  

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• Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De Administrando Imperio, revised 2nd ed. of Moravcsik and Jenkins' text (Washington DC, 1967).
  

• Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De Cerimoniis, ed., with commentary, A. Vogt (Paris 1935-40)
  

• Dimaski, Muhammad, Manuel de la Cosmographie du Moyen Age (Copenhague, 1874).
  

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• Druthmar of Aquitania, Christian, Expositio in Evangelium Mattei, in Migne, Patrologia Latina (Paris 1844-55).
  

• Dubnow, S., Weltgeschichte des jdischen Volkes, Band IV (Berlin, 1926).
  

• Dunlop, D. M., The History of the Jewish Khazars (Princeton, 1954).
  

• Dunlop, D. M., "The Khazars" in The World History of the Jewish People, see Roth, ed.
  

• Dunlop, D. M., "Khazars" in Enc. Judaica, 1971-2 printing.
  

• Eldad ha-Dani, Relations d'Eldad le Danite, Voyageur du IXe Siècle (Paris, 1838).
  

• Fishberg, M., The Jews - A Study of Race and Environment (London and Felling-on-Tyne, 1911).
  

• Fraehn, Khazars, Memoirs of the Russian Academy (1822).
  

• Frazer, Sir James, "The Killing of the Khazar Kings" in Folklore, XXVIII, 1917.
  

• Frye, R. N., see Blake, R. P.
  

• Fuhrmann, Alt-und Neusterreich (Wien, 1737).
  

• Gardezi, Russian tr. Barthold, Académie Impériale des Sciences, seérie VIII, Vol. I, No.4 (St Petersburg, 1897).
  

• Gibb, H. A. R., and de Goeje, M. J., article on "Arab Historiography" in Enc. Britannica, 1955 printing.
  

• Gibbon, B., The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. V (2nd ed., London, 1901).
  

• Goeje, de, ed., Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum (Bonn).
  

• Goeje, de, see Gibb, H. A. R.
  

• Graetz, H. H., History of the Jews (Philadelphia, 1891-98).
  

• Gregoire, H., "Le 'Glozel' Khazare", Byzantion, 1937, pp.225-66.
  

• Halevi, Jehuda, Kitab at Khazari, tr. Hirschfeld, new revised ed. (London, 1931); see also Buxtorf, J., fil.
  

• Harkary, A. B., "Ein Briefwechsel zwischen Cordova und Astrachan zur Zeit Swjatoslaws (um 960), als Beitrag zur alten

• Geschichte Süd-Russlands' in Russische Revue, Vol. VI, 1875, pp. 69-97.
  

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• Hudud al Alam ("Regions of the World"), Barthold V., ed. (Leningrad, 1930), translation and explanation, Minorsky, V. (London, 1937).
  

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• Ibn Fadlan, see Zeki Validi Togan; also Blake R. P., and Frye, R. N.
  

• Ibn Hawkal, Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 2 ed. Kramers (1939). See also Ouseley, Sir W.
  

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• Istakhri, ed. de Goeje, Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum, pars. 1.
  

• Jacobs, J., "On the Racial Characteristics of Modern Jews", J. Anthrop. Inst., Vol. XV, pp. 23-62, 1886.
  

• Kahle, P. E., Bonn University in pre-Nazi and Nazi Times: 1923-1939. Experiences of a German Professor, privately printed in London (1945).
  

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• Karpovich, M., see Vernadsky, G.
  

• Kerr, N., Inebriety (London, 1889).
  

• Kniper, A. H., "Caucasus, People of" in Enc. Britannica, 1973 printing.
  

• Koestler, A., "Judah at the Crossroads" in The Trail of the Dinosaur (London and New York, 1955; Danube ed., 1970).
  

• Kokovtsov, P., The Hebrew-Khazar Correspondence in the Tenth Century (in Russian) (Leningrad, 1932).
  

• Kutschera, Hugo Freiherr von, Die Chasaren (Wien, 1910).
  

• Landau, "The Present Position of the Khazar Problem", (in Hebrew), Zion, Jerusalem, 1942.
  

• Lá zló", G., The Art of the Migration Period (London, 1974).
  

• Lawrence, T. E., Seven Pillars of Wisdom (London, 1906 ed.).
  

• Leiris, M., "Race and Culture" (UNESCO, Paris, 1958).
  

• Luschan, F. von, "Die anthropologische Stellung der Juden", Correspondenzblatt der deutschen Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, etc., Vol. XXIII, pp.94-102, 1891.
  

• Macartney, C. A., The Magyars in the Ninth Century (Cambridge, 1930).
  

• McEvedy, C., The Penguin Atlas of Mediaeval History (1961).
  

• Marquart, J., Osteuropäische und ostasiatische Streifizüge (Hildesheim, 1903).
  

• al-Masudi, Muruj udh-Dhahab wa Maadin ul-Jawahir ("Meadows of Gold Mines and Precious Stones"), French tr., 9 vol. (Paris, 1861-77).
  

• Mieses, M., Die Entstehungsuhrsache der jüdischen Dialekte (Berlin-Wien, 1915).
  

• Mieses, M., Die Jiddische Sprache (Berlin-Wien, 1924).
  

• Minorsky, V., see Hudud al Alam.
  

• Muquadassi, Descriptio Imperii Moslemici, Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabica III, 3 (Bonn).
  

• Nestor and pseudo-Nestor, see Russian Primary Chronicle.
  

• Obolensky, D., The Byzantine Commonwealth - Eastern Europe 500-1453 (London, 1971)
  

• Ouseley, Sir W., The Oriental Geography of Ebn Haukal (London, 1800).
  

• Paszkiewicz, H., The Origin of Russia (London, 1954).
  

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• Petachia of Ratisbon, Sibub Ha'olam, ed. Benisch (London, 1856).
  

• Photius, Homilies, English translation with introduction and commentary by C. Mango (Cambridge, Mass., 1958).
  

• Poliak, A. N. "The Khazar Conversion to Judaism" (in Hebrew), Zion, Jerusalem, 1941.
  

• Poliak, A. N., Khazaria - The History of a Jewish Kingdom in Europe (in Hebrew) (Mossad Bialik, Tel Aviv, 1951).
  

• Povezt Vremennikh Let, see Russian Primary Chronicle.
  

• Priscus, Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae (Bonn).
  

• Reid, G. A., Alcoholism (London, 1902).
  

• Reinach, Th., "Judaei" in Dictionnaire des Antiquits.
  

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• Renan, Ernest, Le Judaisme comme Race et Religion (Paris, 1883).
  

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• Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text, tr. and ed. Cross, S. H., and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, C. P. (Cambridge, Mass., 1953).
  

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• Toynbee, A., Constantine Porphyrogenitus and his World (London, New York and Toronto, 1973).
  

• Vasiliev, A. A., The Goths in the Crimea (Cambridge, Mass., 1936).
  

• Vernadsky, G. Ancient Russia in Vernadsky and Karpovich, A History of Russia, Vol. I (New Haven, 1943).
  

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• Zajaczkowski, The Khazar Culture and its Heirs (in Polish) (Breslau, 1946).
  

• Zajaczkowski, "The Problem of the Language of the Khazars", Proc. Breslau Soc. of Sciences, 1946.
  

• Zborowski, M., and Herzog, E., Life Is With People - The Jewish Little-Town of Eastern Europe (New York, 1982).
  

• Zeki Validi Togan, A., "Ibn Fadlans Reisebericht" in Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Band 24, Nr. 3 (Leipzig, 1939).
  

• Zeki Validi Togan, A., "Völkerschaften des Chasarenreiches im neunten Jahrhundert", Körösi Csoma-Archivum, 1940.